The Epic Of Beowulf And The Song Of Roland - 1590 Words

The epics of Beowulf and The Song of Roland were written down within a few hundred years of one another, however, their subject matter and scope differ vastly. Beowulf, set in Scandinavia, contains the exploits of the hero Beowulf and his life as he grows from a thane of Geatland to a king of his people. The events of Beowulf span many years and entail his fighting of several different creatures. Throughout the epic, Beowulf and many of the characters around him exhibit a heroic code that details the standard of behavior and thoughts one should have in order to be a hero in that world. Similarly, The Song of Roland, which is set in the late 700s, revolves around another exemplary hero in Count Roland, a great knight of Emperor Charles, who is fighting in Spain for the seventh year with the rest of Charlemagne’s army. As with Beowulf, The Song of Roland expresses ideas pertaining to the concepts of a heroic code and what it means to be and become a great warrior and king. Whil e both epics were written fairly close to one another in history, the origins of the pair are vastly different and both concern themselves with similar themes and features, but do so in wholly different ways. Beowulf is an epic that is large in scale and scope in terms of both time and space. Early on within the tale, the reader is introduced to the great hero and namesake of the story, Beowulf. He is a man above men and exemplifies what it means to be a great hero within his time. Predominantly,Show MoreRelatedOral Tradition And The Middle Ages1163 Words   |  5 PagesMuch of the known history of a certain nation, which survived the Middle Ages, is derived from a specific story or collection of stories. These stories are defined as epics, because they often contain a hero or heroic group that slayed an evil force of some kind. One of the greatest effects the epics had on the tribes or communities of the Middle Ages was their unifying influence. Through oral tradition, the tribal communities were brought together to be educated in their history. With the prevailingRead MoreCharles Baudelaire And Victor Hugo976 Words   |  4 Pages The Structural Sync : Beowulf is the oldest product of English literature; it is an epic poem narrating the adventures of Beowulf who becomes the king of Geates. We witness how the oldest forms of literature in different parts of the worlds is in the forms of epic poems. In French literature, we find The Song of Roland to be the oldest literal work. The Song of Roland is based upon the Battle of Roncevaux lead by King Charlemagne. Some other famous epics include The Epic of Gilgamesh, The OdysseyRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity originating from Palestine and Greece 2. Koran: The Muslim bible originating from Arabia 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey: These have been the source of Myths and Legends of Greece. They were written by Homer. 4. The Mahabharata: The Longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion in India. 5. Canterburry: it depicts the religion and customs of English in early days. This originated from England and written by Chaucer. 6. Uncle Toms Cabin: written by Harriet Beecher StoweRead MoreContrast the Life of the Heian-Era Courtier with That of the Kamakura Samurai.783 Words   |  4 Pagesfive, seven, and five syllables per line). Most haiku deal with nature. In Europe, the epic poem became popular. An epic poem is a long poem usually about warriors or heroes. The poems often include legends and myths and heroes with superhuman qualities. Famous European epics include Beowulf and The Song of Roland. Lyric poetry was also a significant part of European literature. These poems resemble songs. Most lyric poetry praises women and ideal love. Poet-musicians called troubadours usuallyRead MoreMedieval Poetry3509 Words   |  15 Pagesabout the saints by Jacobus de Voraigne. Not all medieval literature was religious in nature, however. Secular poems and prose works related the deeds of semi-legendary heroes and villains. Examples of this type of work include the French  Song of Roland  and  Beowulf, an early English poem about a heros battles against a series of monsters. Other popular heroes in medieval literature included El Cid, a Spanish hero, and King Arthur, a legendary Welsh character who became the protagonist of a numberRead MoreBiography Of Ancient Greek Poet Homer2350 Words   |  10 Pagesimpaired in a few lingos, which prompted the theories that most likely he was a prisoner or a visually impaired man. While some different researchers put his name into a nonexclusive capacity. Gregory Nagy states that his name signifies he who fits the Song together. As indicated by Ancient Lives, Homer was a meandering minstrel, as Thamyris or Hesiod, who strolled Chalkis to sing at the burial service diversions of Amphidamas. In view of the proofs f rom ballads, it was said that the vocalists were partitionedRead More Humanities in the Early, High And Late Middle Ages Essay2132 Words   |  9 Pagesand Three Holy Women at the Holy Sepulcher. Fiero (2002) states Germanic traditions, including those of personal valor and heroism associated with a warring culture, are reflected in the epic poems of the Early Middle Ages. The three most famous of these, Beowulf, The Song of the Nibelungen, and the Song of Roland, were transmitted orally for hundreds of years before they were written down sometime between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. (p.71) Although this age had a brief renaissance, the EarlyRead MoreEssay about Humanities in the Early, High and Late Middle Ages2248 Words   |  9 Pagesand Three Holy Women at the Holy Sepulcher. Fiero (2002) states Germanic traditions, including those of personal valor and heroism associated with a warring culture, are reflected in the epic poems of the Early Middle Ages. The three most famous of these, Beowulf, The Song of the Nibelungen, and the Song of Roland, were transmitted orally for hundreds of years before they were written down sometime between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. (p.71) Although this age had a brief renaissance, the EarlyRead MoreImportant Developments in the Humanities During the Early, High and Late Middle Ages2443 Words   |  10 Pagesbandits or Vikings, peasants and serfs gave up their wealth and their freedom. Specific works that illustrate the view of the changes that have occurred are Beowulf and the Song of Roland. These poems depict the Germanic traditions that include personal valor and heroism that were associated with the warring culture of the Middle Ages. These epic poems are in common with the Iliad and Mahabharata and other orally translated adventure poems (Fiero, p. 71). The Bayeux Tapestry and the illuminated pagesRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesbooks were rare and precious (Bingham and Scholt 1980). Amusing books written specifically for children would have been economically and psychologically impossible (Townsend 1996). Children would probably have listened to adult works such as Beowulf, Song of Roland, El Cid, King Arthur, and Robin Hood. Children and adults also enjoyed folk tales and literature rich with fantasy and imagination, as myth was the way they made sense of their world. While there were no manuscripts devoted specifically to

Tobacco Industry Its Significance in US Economy Free Essays

The United States is the world†s second largest tobacco grower. Thus, tobacco is an important cash crop and the cigarette manufacturers play a very important role in the U. S economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Industry: Its Significance in US Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now (7:2) Approximately 500,000 Americans die every year as a direct result of smoking (1:66). As the U. S. population becomes more health conscious, the number of smokers is decreasing every year. However, the tobacco industry has remained prosperous due to the continuing demand of millions of smokers still present in the U.S.A and other places like Asia, Russia and Eastern Europe.(7:2) The tobacco industry has never before publicly admitted to a direct connection between smoking and lung or heart diseases (7:2). Since 1954, 825 cases have been filed against cigarette companies demanding compensatim. Out of this only 22 have gone for trial, three of which resulted in partial victory.(1:66) Marketing can be defined as the process by which goods and services are sold and purchased. It also includes functions like, advertising, mail-order business, public relations and the like. The main goal of marketing is to acquire, retain and satisfy customers.(2:1) Cigarette companies seem to understand the above mentioned definition perfectly. They carefully follow management’s wishes about promotion of cigarettes. Like any other firm, cigarette manufacturers try to supply, design and produce products that will satisfy consumer needs.(4:4) However, critics complain of the effects of marketing tobacco on society. Advertisement of brand names like Marlboro, Lucky Strike etc. are harmful for children since they generally glorifies smoking. Cigarette firms have been criticized for designing and promoting brands that target the special tastes of working persons, African -Americans etc. (4:4). Thus, critics feel that for tobacco no marketing tool that increases profit or marketing share should be used.(4:11) No matter how unhealthy cigarettes are, they still are legal. Therefore, tobacco companies have a right to market their products. After all, we could categorize tobacco marketing as â€Å"Misplaced Marketing†.(4:4) The major tobacco companies of U.S.A were headed for trouble this year. In early 1997, the smallest tobacco company. Liggett Group agreed to a wide-ranging settlement of health-related lawsuit and admitted publicly that tobacco causes cancer, is addictive and is â€Å"marketed† to teens. This admission ended up being a big problem for other’s tobacco companies.(6:3) On 27 June 1997, the companies: Philip Morris RJR Nabisco Holdings, B.A.T Industries, Brown Williamson and Loews Corp. reached an agreement with the attorneys -general of nearly 40 American states. This settlement resulted in the tobacco industry changing its own marketing rules.(5:23) 1.Financial implications of the settlement The above mentioned settlement calls for the tobacco industry to start an annual payment of $10 billion (eventually rising to $15 billion) to compensate states for smoking-related health costs and to pay people who successfully file for damages. The five tobacco companies must also finance anti-smoking medical and educational research, in order to prevent youths from smoking.(5:23) The cigarette companies also have to pay $60 billion in damages as a form of punishment. Besides all this, the industry will face additional penalties if the number of teenage smokers does not decrease by 50% in seven years.(5:25) This settlement, is set to drastically change the marketing program of the tobacco companies. From now on, human or cartoon figures will not appear in cigarette advertisements. That is, the advertisements will have to consist of words only (5:23). Tobacco advertisements are also banned from billboards, stadiums and the Internet. They are also prohibited from advertising in films or in theaters. The settlement also ends the use of all cigarette vending machines (5:24). Tobacco companies cannot use their brand marks on T-shirts, caps and other promotional free gifts (5:25). The agreement would give the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to regulate tobacco products. In addition, cigarettes would come with tough new warnings such as ‘smoking causes cancer† and ‘smoking can kill you†.(5:24) The above mentioned changes will alter the marketing techniques of tobacco as never before and thus, the tobacco companies have to adapt to a new way of doing business. The tobacco industry has been hit hard by the settlement it signed. But it does not mean the end of this multi-billion dollar business. Let us have a look at some new and upcoming ways in which tobacco is sold. Even if the tobacco industry faces a gloomy business future in U.S.A it can earn a lot by selling more cigarettes in developing countries from the Middle East to South East Asia INTERFERENCE With practically no government interference and millions of smokers, tobacco companies could even earn profits from brands that are dead in USA. They can also expect bigger profits by trying to change local customs. For example: In Japan, the number of women’s smokers is on the rise, after tobacco promotions persuaded society not to prohibit women smoking.(3:34) As the numbers of public outlets for cigarettes decrease in the future a mail-order tobacco business could be created and this could be even more profitable. Being good database marketers, the databases of the tobacco industry will act as a communication and distribution channel. RJ Reynolds has already taken a lead in this type of marketing.(3:34) From now on, tobacco companies will have to do most of their advertising in adult magazines. They might even end up opening cigarette only retail stores, as another way to supply smokers. As marketing of tobacco has become more challenging than ever before, it will remain a powerful part of management for the tobacco companies.(5:27) Tobacco firms have always shown enthusiasm in marketing their products. However, they have to face constant criticism of their marketing techniques. Critics feel that tobacco marketing is an example of misplaced marketing. The recently signed agreement between leading cigarette companies and nearly forty American states, will lead to radical change in the marketing field. Besides financial penalties, cigarette companies have also agreed to restrict and reshape their promotional strategies. In the future, tobacco firms will have to come up with new ideas to market cigarettes and probably will have to increase their foreign sales. Basically, cigarette manufacturers have to right to promote and advertise their products so long as they are legal. Thus, clearly tobacco will be marketed, in some form or the other, for years to come. How to cite Tobacco Industry: Its Significance in US Economy, Essay examples

Beowulf is a story about a man named Beowulf who desired fame and fortune in life Essay Example For Students

Beowulf is a story about a man named Beowulf who desired fame and fortune in life Essay Beowulf is a story about a man named Beowulf who desired fame and fortune in life. The Iliad had a character named Achilles who is similar to Beowulf because he also desired glory. But they are two completely different stories written at different times and different places by different people. Both stories have unique qualities such as dragons in one and multi-gods in the other and that is what makes fictitious stories like these classics. Since achieving fame is a goal of these two characters, and since these are great works of literature, people can relate to wanting to be famous in life. So this essay is about Beowulf and Achilles and what they went through to be famous and also what they went through to keep their fame. We will write a custom essay on Beowulf is a story about a man named Beowulf who desired fame and fortune in life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Iliad, written by Homer, is about a few weeks of a ten-year war between the Trojans and the Acheans. Achilles is one of the main characters of The Iliad and he is a great man. All he wants is blood. His friend Patroclus was killed and he fights to avenge his friend and earn glory in the process. He would not have achieved glory if his friend hadnt died though because Achilles knew that when he fought he would die Iliad, p. 117. His friends death is what led Achilles to the fame and glory he received even though he couldnt really enjoy it since Achilles died in the war. Achilles key to fame was not only in killing hordes of Trojans but also killing one of their beloved icons à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Hector. Brilliant Achilles drove his spear and the point went stabbing clean through the tender neck The Iliad, ln 385 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 386, p 195. He killed Hector as revenge for Hector killing Patroclus. Hector was the first Trojan icon to go down in The Iliad although the next ones went down later on in the war, perhaps not in The Iliad but in the Aenid. Aeneas speaks of the war in Aenid and he describes how Hectors father, Priam, met his death. After Hectors death, Achilles would drag the body every morning around his army base three times to show the accomplishment he had made in the war. The gods didnt really agree with him though because they kept healing Hectors body not back to life though. All his wounds sealed shut, wherever they struck and many drove their bronze blades through his body The Iliad, ln 496-497, p 209. Eventually, Priam with help of gods got Achilles to sell Hectors body back for a bunch of priceless goods. Give Hector back to me, now, no more delay à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" I must see my son with my own eyes The Iliad, ln 650 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 651, p 212. Being begged by a king increases his fame just because a king doesnt usually do that, especially in this case. Priam gets the body and buries it and thats the end of The Iliad. Whereas in Beowulf, written by an anonymous poet, is  about a man who is very strong. He travels to a distant land to kill a couple monsters and earn glory for himself. The quest begins when Beowulf heads to the Danish castle. He is a Geat by the way. His king is Higlac and Beowulf asked him if he could travel the seas to earn glory for himself by helping out the Danish and their king, Hrothgar. When Beowulf finally got to Hrothgar, Hrothgar was glad to see him; he seemed to have a lot of faith in Beowulf. Our Holy Father has sent him as a sign of His grace, a mark of His favor, to help us defeat Grendel and end that terror Beowulf, ln 381 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 384. The monster, Grendel, had already killed around 30 good men and what would be another man to him the king doubts, even though the man was the strongest in the world? Oh, by the way, Unferth who sat at Hrothgars feet questioned and disliked Beowulf claiming he was not as strong as he makes himself out to be. .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa , .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .postImageUrl , .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa , .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa:hover , .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa:visited , .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa:active { border:0!important; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa:active , .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7552e5227e6da309b11a931858dc98aa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Secret Life of Bees Timed Writing EssayAfter Beowulf proved him wrong, he went on his way to earn his fame. That night, Hrothgar left the hall and when the monster came, it was a title fight with one exception à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Beowulf verses Grendel! The exception being that one unlucky Geat was in the way; you know, the one guy that dies in every story. Not only did he best Grendel, but he did it without a sword or armor. Unfortunately Grendel did escape, minus a whole arm the Danish wanted him dead but they werent too mad. The next night, the losers mother decided to come up and cause trouble Revenge. She ends up killing one of Hrothgars closest advisors. Having heard this, Beowulf jumped back on the fame train and headed for the monsters lair à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a lake of pure evil located a few miles from Hrothgars Hall. The partially famous guy sank to the bottom of the lake which took hours and he had an even better battle with Grendels mother. After slaying the mother, he found Grendel laying in a corner of the lair and, using a magical sword he found in the lair, sliced Grendels head clean off so he could claim all the glory and have proof of how heroic and great he was. The sword, after slicing through the pure evil, was somehow melted away so all that was left was the hilt, which he gave to Hrothgar as part of the battle set head and hilt. That was how Beowulf attained his glory. After many years as king of the Geats he faced another crisis à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a dragon had awakened and started to destroy and kill people and buildings. Beowulf, being old now, figured that he had to slay the dragon, otherwise others would have called him a bad ruler and he would have the kind of fame no one wants he wanted to be the hero to the end.  So he gathered up his troop and headed off bravely to the tower where the dragon slept. This was where he proved that he was very brave and was a good person who was honorable. Those are the keys to being famous in fairytale land anyway. While all his men except one fled his side, he bravely fought the dragon. He did not survive the battle against the dragon, however, but Beowulf did manage to slay him. And death in battle also attributes to the glory he earned and will leave him to be a very famous man throughout history in the story. The man might have really existed. Sad to say though that both characters Achilles and Beowulf died in the end; however, we are all going to die someday and both of them died when it was important à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in battle earning honor. Many of us in the real world will not get that kind of death and that is why people like to read and listen to these kinds of stories, so they can fantasize about being heroes and warriors in their own minds.

The Colorblind Society Essay Example Essay Example

The Colorblind Society Essay Example Paper The Colorblind Society Essay Introduction Color blindness or also referred to as race blindness is the exclusion of race in the assessment of a human being. Color blindness is a new concept that strives to mineralize racial discrimination. Our society has strived to find a state of colorblindness but has yet to succeed. Past discriminations have hindered the progress of colorblindness in society. Due to racism in the past many hurdles were created for minorities to overcome in the present. Hurdles such as poverty and negative stereotypes. These hurdles in turn have made it hard for our society to truly become color blind. The racism from the past has made our society unable to truly practice colorblindness because it has caused individual, institutional, and systemic discrimination in the present. Discrimination in the past came in many forms but it started with systemic discrimination. In the early 1900s the Anglo-Saxon ideology was at a high. In the segregation of Mexican student’s article, the author shows how thes e ideologies affected Mexican American in California. Even though Californian had equality law for Mexican Americans, they were still discriminated against. â€Å"Mexicans were only allowed to attend churches located in the Mexican zone. Paradoxically, the religious segregation of the Mexicans only served to sanction other forms of racial segregation and promoted an era of un-Christian Anglo-Saxon domination† . Mexican Americans were forced to live in certain areas and were forced to attend only certain churches. Caucasians systemically discriminated Mexican Americans by separating that entire group of people from themselves. This systemic discrimination which existed in the past has continued to the present. This discrimination of separating and creating communities for different ethnic groups in the past has inadvertently caused discrimination now. The Colorblind Society Essay Body Paragraphs The communities inhabited mostly by minorities became poorer neighborhoods because minorities didn’t earn as much as their white counterparts and so they could not invest much into their communities. Caucasian majority neighborhoods sustained their status and got a price boost when compared to the local minority neighborhood. This translates to present day because even though minorities aren’t forced to stay in certain areas anymore, they still stay in poorer neighborhoods because they cannot afford to move to a better one. Segregation in housing allowed most white homeowners to accumulate equity and wealth while most minorities could not† . This present day segregation of housing is caused by white homeowners discriminating against minorities and their belief that minorities will cause trouble in their neighborhoods. They assume this because most minorities come from poorer neighborhood which they live in because it is affordable or their ancestors were forced to settle in. The past systemic discrimination makes it hard for colorblindness to progress in the present. In the past America has had its share of institutional discrimination. But the most negatively influential of this type of discrimination is that of schooling. During the early 1900s Mexican American children were discriminated by Caucasians. Mexican American children were made to go to a separate school. â€Å".school segregation of /Chicano students in public elementary and secondary schools in California has its origins in racial ideologies of Anglo-Saxon superiority.† . Caucasians justified this institutional discrimination by calming that Mexican American children were not well versed in English and this was a hindrance to Caucasian children. The school Mexican Americans children were sent to had a â€Å"dumbed† down curriculum so that in the future the Mexican American children would provide a cheap source of labor. This type of institutional discrimination h as a connection to the present. These children who were discriminated against had less skill and did not get good paying job and so they were stuck in their poor neighborhoods and now their children face the same problem. America discriminates against minority children by creating the no child left behind act. By holding schools and children to higher standards without providing the resources necessary to meet those standards, they punish students who have received a poor education, and fuel dropout rates† . This act causes public schools from poor neighborhoods to receive less funding from the local government because they do not meet their high standard of education. Lewis states, â€Å"Unlike most industrialized nations, which fund schools nationally, the United Sates has historically funded schools locally, with many resulting disparities† . The local government gives less money to these schools because the minority students are not given equal resources as the stud ents from richer schools. So they perform worst that the students of richer schools. Thus the past discrimination has caused institutional discrimination in the present. A side effect of this present discrimination has brought about the existence of affirmative action. Affirmative action is an act that mandates that a certain percentage of ethnic groups need to be admitted into a public institution. .the inherent relationship between affirmative action, on the one hand, and diversity on the other† . This act tries to provide an equal opportunity for minority students to gain admission into colleges. But the existence of such an act is a direct indicator of how non-colorblind our society is. In a truly colorblind society we would not need to distinguish poverty by the guide lines of race. Individual discrimination was prevalent in the past and it still is. In the past it was considered the norm to discriminate against an individual based solely on their race. In the movie we wa tched in class about the Pine Ridge Massacre. Two FBI agents who were pursuing suspects of a robbery drove into the Pine Ridge Reservation. When they approached a group of American Indians they started firing their guns at an Indian boy because they assumed he was linked to the culprit. The FBI agents discriminated against the Indian boy by coming to the conclusion that because he is Native American the boy must have had something to do with the local gangs, which were thought to be the cause of the robbery. The altercation ended with both agents and the American Indian boy being dead. Unlike in the past individual discrimination in the present day is seen less. Present day discrimination is practiced by some knowingly and some unknowingly. Though this example has been over used I felt that it best summarized our present day societal views. The recent election of our 44th president is my example. The knowingly done individual discrimination against President Obama was from the threa ts the KKK issued during his run for the office and the unknowingly done individual discrimination against President Obama was by all of us. When President Obama was elected the public celebrated the fact that our president was African American. I feel that this is individual discrimination because the American population celebrates President Obama’s race while the race of our previous presidents did not merit recognition. I confess that am also a culprit of this discrimination. My ecstasy over witnessing the election of an African American man into the presidential office caused me to question colorblindness in our society. Ditomaso mentions in her article about African Americans being selected by colleges. .choosing someone because they were black as opposed to choosing someone on the basis of merit† . In a truly colorblind society the fact that a Harvard graduate and a successful Illinois governor had been elected to the presidential office would have been enough cau se for celebration and the fact that an African American man was elected into office would not have mattered. Thus I conclude that our present day society is not colorblind. Someone arguing that we live in a colorblind society might say that the fact that we have ethnic studies classes is proof of our colorblindness in the present day society. Ethnic studies as a discipline had been born in the 1960’s out of the cultural conflicts that occurred when blacks, Chicanos, American Indians, and Asian-Americans protested that their contributions to American society had been sorely ignored in the texts that Eurocentric middle-class white males historically had articulated† . They could argue that protests from minority groups, that led to the creation of ethnic studies, were not ignored because of increased tolerance and societies change to colorblindness. But the existence of the ethnic studies class is a sign of a non colorblind society. Gutierrez article he sums up ethnic st udies pretty well. â€Å"In the most optimistic scenarios, ethnic studies offers a path for the peaceful management of differences over time; at worst, it is seen as exacerbating the importance of identity politics over time† . The creation of an ethnic studies class does not eradicate discrimination rather informs us of it. The ethnic studies class is able to function because we are still able to distinguish between race and in this way we learn about the discrimination that has affected each of these races. Learning about the injustices of the past, for the sake of not repeating them, also causes us to not forget them. In conclusion our modern day efforts to achieve a colorblind society have increased our tolerance but we have yet to say that we live in a truly colorblind society. Individual, institutional, and systemic discrimination still exists in our society and has been a hindrance to the progression of our society to color blindness. Our present day society is not col orblind and I am glad for that. Though race discrimination and distinction may lead to negative consequences, I cannot ignore the greatest positive that comes from it. Different cultures, it is the most unique aspect of America. Our modern day nation is known as the melting pot because we are able to identify ourselves to different races and yet be able to live together. We need the distinction of race to uphold the culture and tradition that belongs to it. I believe that the ideal society would not be color blind but be accepting of all the different races. We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Stress and depression Essays

Stress and depression Essays Stress and depression Essay Stress and depression Essay Adolescence is a time of emotional pandemonium, and behavioral experimentation. It is the time of heightened sensitivity and upheaval. It is when a human personality is most affected by its surroundings. Social stressors like problems at home and school adversely manipulate the young minds and are the prime causes of depression. The teenager who exhibits negative personality changes necessitates due cognizance before it is ruined completely. This research focuses on root causes of stress and depression in adolescents and how it affects their schooling. The paper will also suggest ways and means to handle stress and depression in teenagers.IntroductionIn America today, around 18 million people are depressed. Over 2 million of these are adolescents (Watkins, 2004). In most cases, depression is caused by stress. Majors stressors in a teenager’s life extend from home to the school environment. Many children are confronted with family conflicts besides constant changes in schools, neighborhoods and child care arrangements. Sometimes violence in homes or communities cause great deal of stress in a youngster’s life. The impact of all these stressor depends on childs level of maturity. A very young child who is under constant supervision at home and at school, may get least affected. However, when a child enters in the age of adolescence, the personality starts getting most affected by the stressors present around him/her.Whatever the cause of depression in an adolescent’s life, it can result in isolation, poor education results, violence, and even suicide. The high percentage of this illness in adolescents reflects severity of the situation which has rung bells in concerned quarters. This research paper aims at highlighting symptoms and causes of stress and depression in adolescents, scrutinizing its impact while obtaining education. The paper will make suitable suggestions as to how to deal with the issue specially at school level. The research is based on relevant statistic collected from various sources and focuses on reports of medical and psychiatric professionals.Stress and Depression in AdolescentsAmerican Heritage Dictionary defines stress as a state of extreme difficulty, pressure, or strain’. It is a mentally or emotionally disruptive or upsetting condition usually leading to a state of depression. The term depression usually means a functional impairment or in other words, patients of depression are physically and mentally handicapped to carry out their everyday lifes activities in normal fashion (Sharry, 2004, p. 2). Depression, in psychiatry is a symptom of mood disorder characterized by intense feelings of loss, sadness, hopelessness, failure, and rejection (Colombia University Press). Depression also known as clinical depression is currently the leading cause of disability in the US as well as other countries, and is expected to become the second leading cause of disability worldwide (after heart disease) by the year 2020 (Murray Lopez, 1997, P. 1498).In US, childhood and adolescent depression has increased considerably in the past fifty years. Besides causing behavioral and emotional turbulences in adolescents’ life, this can affect their physical health as well. Asthma, hay fever, migraine headache and gastrointestinal illnesses like colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer can be exacerbated by stressful situations (Hac k, 2001). An analytical study established that the comparative ratio of depression found in girls is much more than in boys. During childhood the number of boys and girls affected are almost equal. In adolescence, twice as many girls as boys are diagnosed (Watkins, 2004). Effects of stress and depression may initially seem minute but repeated episodes of depression can affect a young mind to a great extent.Symptoms of Stress and Depression in AdolescentsSymptoms of stress and depression in adolescents can be identified easily. Constant sadness, sleep disturbances, lack of motivation, lowered energy levels, loss of concentration and slowed thinking is reflected by missed classes and poor grades. Boredom may be a synonym for feeling depressed. Loss of appetite may become anorexia or bulimia. Adolescent depression may portray an alcohol or drug abuse and rebellion with no obvious reasons (Blackman, 1995).Symptoms of adolescent stress and depression are somewhat similar to those of adul t depression. Sometimes one can also see irritability and suicidal talk. The parents would usually complain that the adolescent hates himself and everything else (Watkins, 2004). Depressed young people often find school very difficult and are reluctant to attend. They often suffer anxiety that stems from their depression, manifesting itself in physical symptoms on school mornings that ease off as the day progresses. These symptoms may include nausea, stomach pains, fatigue and weakness (Sharry, 2004, p. 107).Stress is a major cause of depression. In order to identify symptoms of depression, we should be familiar with the symptoms of stress as well. In adolescents, symptoms of stress can be divided into following categories (Molgaard, 1996):1) Physical Symptoms: Headaces, stomach aches, vomiting.2) Emotional Symptoms: Fear, irritability, sadness.3) Behavioral Symptoms: Crying, nervous tics, losing temper.4) Interpersonal Relationship: Withdrawing, teasing or bullying, extreme shyness .Causes of Stress and Depression in AdolescentsThe more it is easier to identify the depression through symptoms, the more it is difficult to establish its causes. It can be heredity or an environmental issue. Inconsistent parenting could be one cause, and stressful life experiences can be another. Various people cite different reasons for early life depression. When depressed adults are asked about their childhood experiences, they report neglect, abuse, rejection and parental conflict as major causes (Watkins, 2004). There can be no single reason for depression in adolescents. Most of the time, it will a combination of various triggers. And more the number of causes, worst is the outcome.An in-depth study reveal that causes of stress and depression more or less can be attributed to many different kinds of experiences, from early childhood to later life. These experiences would usually include a violent family environment, abused or neglected childhood, death of a loved one, extrem e stress caused by a serious financial problem or an unhealthy social condition such as poverty or homelessness. Some other causes which are beyond anyone’s control like chronic illness, side effects of medications, hormonal changes that affect mood (such as the onset or end of menstruation) and genetic causes also contribute to stress and depression in adolescents.There are a few lifestyle factors that may cause depression themselves or add to already prevailing illness. Adolescents would always find time running out of their hands. They would usually cut their sleep time to complete their overwhelming ambitions. Lack of sufficient sleep in teenagers is being considered one of the major causes leading to stressful scenarios, and ultimately resulting into depression. Other lifestyle factors contributing to depression include isolation, poor diet, excess caffeine or sugar, lack of exercise, and lack of fun and recreation.Impacts of Stress and Depression in Adolescents while Ob taining EducationImpact of stress and depression in adolescents is directly proportionate to the causes of the illness. Depressed adolescents however would invariably be less energetic, least motivated, slow and less productive. Depression will take away their decisiveness and they would be uncertain most of time and will make more mistakes. At home, they will restrict themselves to their rooms and take least interest in family affairs. Stress and depression affects emotions to a greater extent. Depressed adolescents will be unable to demonstrate affection for loved ones. They would like to live in isolation and avoid social gatherings.Depression is closely associated with interpersonal relationships at homes and at schools. It is one major cause in manifestation of suicidal behavior, violent thoughts, alcohol, early pregnancy, tobacco and drug abuse. Since 1950, the adolescent suicide rate has risen four times. According to one estimates, 12% of the total adolescent mortality in 19 93 was due to suicide (Watkins, 2004). Adolescents suffering from depression and associated emotional disorders are often alienated at school. Their sense of insecurity and lack of will power to meet the requirements of daily life force them to the state of regression and repression. More sever the sickness, the greater the impact on attaining education. Major reprisals of stress and depression in schooling of an adolescent are enumerated below:1) Poor grades due to lack of interest, and lack of concentration.2) School drop outs due to constantly deteriorating performance.3) No social activities, and lack of participation in sports or any other extra-curricular activity due to lack of energy and lack of will power.4) Victims of abuse due to lack of friends/social circle.5) Isolation/seclusion due to lack of confidence.6) Reshaping of personality into pessimistic, choleric, and melancholic shades.7) High risk of indulgence in serious acts of violence against others and themselves. Th e violent activities in schools have gone much beyond alarming stage. Various prominent health organizations like American Psychological Association, National Association of School Psychologists and National School Safety Center are making all out efforts to identify and predict potential perpetrators. Recent studies have concluded that depression has been the major factor responsible for instigating students for engaging in acts of violence at schools and elsewhere. Among the ten student perpetrators identified in school shooting incidents occurring between 1996 and 1999, eight had a clear history of depression (Verlinden, Hersen, and Thomas, 2000). According to the data compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rate of youth suicide has tripled over the last 50 years and is now the third leading cause of death for 10- to 24-year-olds. More teens and young adults die of suicide than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia, influenza, and chronic lung disease combined (CDC, 2003). Clearly, youth depression and suicide are important issues for school personnel to consider as they strive to address both the educational and mental health needs of students.Modus Operandi to Handle Stress and Depression in AdolescentsStress and depression are curable. The treatment will however depend on the level of severity. The nature and the cause of the disease will dictate its treatment. Some patients may only require counseling and some may necessitate serious medical help. The major problem is to make the patient talk about his/her illness. Adolescents generally avoid such topics of discussion with parents. Adolescent boys find it particularly difficult to talk about their feelings especially at homes (Sharry, 2004, p. 63). Depression and the accompanying threat of suicide are very serious mental health issues and schools have an important role to play in addressing both the educational and mental health needs of all students . When dealing with such illness, role of the schools expands much beyond education to prevention and treatment of the problem. School is the best place, where an adolescent can be confronted and lured in to talk about the problem.Schools should educate teachers, students, families, and the larger community about depression, its causes, treatment, and management. In one study (Curry, 2001), symptoms of depression were minimized in students who participated with their families in school-based sessions designed to enhance communication, problem-solving skills, and awareness of the effects of depression on the entire family system.From a prevention focus, it is important that teachers and guidance counselors have an adequate understanding of childhood depression, its symptoms, and warning signs associated with child and adolescent suicide. School personnel can recognize early signs of depression in a child. They can assist the families in seeking appropriate mental health services. Sch ools also play an important role by contributing to the quality of life of all students. Schools can increase students’ feelings of accomplishment and expectations for future success.An effective way to handle stress and depression in schools is to make a system which should be able to first identify the problem. The problem with adolescents can be identified through examining the results, behavior, and activities of under observation cases. After having identified the adolescents with symptoms of depression, causes of the problem need to be established. For this purpose counseling sessions with the affected students and interviews with the parents can help to a great extent. Then is the stage of treatment. There are two main avenues to treatment: psychotherapy and medication. Often, both may be required. The majority of mild depressions in teenagers respond to supportive psychotherapy with active listening, advice and encouragement. Relevant agencies can be contacted when de aling with issues of alcohol and substance abuse. Formal family therapy may be required to deal with specific problems or issues. Some serious situations where there is an immediate risk of self-neglect or suicide may necessitate the level of supervision and care that can be provided only in the hospitals (Skapinakis, 2003).ConclusionDepression does not affect the patients alone, but it puts an impact on the life of everyone around them, too. Someone who is depressed can be very difficult and draining to deal with. The problem is aggravated when it comes to the cases involving children and adolescent. Depression in adolescents is greatly under diagnosed, leading to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which often continue into adulthood. The suicide rate for adolescents has increased more than 200% over the last decade. Recent studies have shown that greater than 20% of adolescents in the general population have emotional problems and one-third of adolescents attending psychiatric clinics suffer from depression (Blackman, 1995). Among those adolescents who suffer from major depression, up to 7% eventually commit suicide (Cash, 2001).Stress and depression influence every facet of patient’s life. Education is the most affected of all. Schools play an important role by providing a supportive and nurturing climate for student development. By celebrating the accomplishments and successes of all students, schools can contribute to the development of positive self-esteem. Schools can develop a system which automatically identifies the students suffering from depression and then make all out efforts to eradicate this menace from the young minds that bear the future of our nation.BibliographyBlackman, Maurice. (1995). Adolescent Depression. The Canadian Journal of CME. Retrieved January 26, 2006, from mentalhealth.com/mag1/p51-dp01.htmlCash, R. E. (2001). Depression in children and adolescents: Information for families and educators. Soci al/Emotional Development. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists. Retrieved April, 21, 2003, from naspcenter.org/pdf/social%20template.pdfCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003, April). Suicide in the United States. Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Control and Prevention. Retrieved April, 21, 2003, from cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/suifacts.htmCurry, J. F. (2001). Specific psychotherapies for childhood and adolescent depression. Biological Psychiatry, 49(12), 1091–1100.Depression. (n.d.). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Retrieved January 26, 2006, from Answers.com Web site: answers.com/topic/clinical-depression

20 Things to Put on Your Bucket List

20 Things to Put on Your Bucket List The end of the year provides a great opportunity for reflection, and in my quarterly business planning day with ActionCOACH in Madison, we did a lot of reflecting. I looked at my experiences, both personal and professional, over the past year, and what the impact has been on who I am. I examined what would need to change about myself to accomplish the things I didn’t accomplish. And I celebrated the accomplishments I did achieve. I wrote a gratitude list that included everything from fennel soup to yoga to the amazing people in my life- friends, family, and clients. Finally, I wrote down some of the things on my â€Å"bucket list†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the proverbial list of things to do before I â€Å"kick the bucket.† On that list were things like traveling to Japan and Seattle, swimming with dolphins, being a Big Sister, and writing my Life and Leadership book. I also want one of those cool Apple Series 3 watches that counts my swim strokes for me. These items speak to my desire to be adventurous, make a difference for someone, and be at the top of my fitness game. They are more than activities and things; they are about who I want to be. This week, as we approach the last stretch of 2017, I invite you to look into the future, toward the things that you want to be part of your ideal life and the ideal you in the future. Below are some categories offered by ActionCOACH that might spark some ideas – and some that I added. See if you can list something in every category. For the purposes of the exercise, don’t worry about money or practicality. Put your skeptic aside and go wild! Celeste Chua, the author of Bucket List Ideas: 101 Things To Do Before You Die, suggests that you come up with 101 things for your bucket list. That’s a lot of things, but they sure will be a lot of fun to check off! And the exercise is completely free! 20 Questions to Generate Your Bucket List Meet someone you admire Have a particular conversation Achieve something you want to achieve Reach a physical fitness goal Buy or acquire a special item Give a gift Embark on an ultimate challenge Conquer a fear Perform kind acts for others Express your creativity Learn something new or improve a skill Leave a legacy Do something silly/idiotic/ridiculous/crazy fun! Satisfy a curiosity Travel somewhere you’ve always wanted to travel Live somewhere you’ve always wanted to live Go on an adventure with your family or friends Witness a special moment Work in a particular job or field Start a business If you’re stuck, maybe one of these lists could help spark some ideas: Bucket List Journeys Bucket List Goals Celestine Chuas Bucket List Ideas: 101 Things To Do Before You Die As you think about your answers, consider the meaning the activity or thing has for you. Who would you become by attaining or doing it? And/or who would you have to become in order to attain or do it? If you’re willing, please share a couple of things that are on your bucket list and what those things mean to you. Let’s get this conversation going! If you find that going back to school or embarking on a new career pursuit make your bucket list, I would be happy to help you present your best self with MBA admissions help, a custom resume, or LinkedIn profile writing.

Analysis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis - Essay Example The beauty industry as the larger whole includes many other components such as fashion, weight reduction, cosmetics, etc. In the same way, beauty which is a culturally constructed ideal, is a part of the wider concept of femininity. The understanding of femininity is similarly culturally oriented, and it relates to the practices, identities, and representations of what is means to be a ‘woman’ in any society or culture. 1. In this research, it has been the aim of the authors to investigate the work that is done in beauty salons. The salon has been selected as the best place in which the attainment of femininity, its definition and successful achievement are key factors. In the beauty salon, the secret routines of femininity are commodified and exemplified. These feminised spaces have been overlooked in the development of social theorising. The authors try to cover this deficiency in social research. 2. The authors try to investigate the commodified nature of bodily maintenance. Their wide-ranging aims include: the extension of the leisure industry into this bodily arena; the relationships and micro-activities of the everyday world of the salon; the professional claims, rhetoric, and investment of the trade’s emotional labour on the part of the beauty therapist. 3. The main objective of this article is to investigate the relationship between feminism, beauty and femininity. Examination of claims to professional status within the beauty industry, investigating beauty therapy as work, rather than as a cultural institution. The beauty industry slowly revealed itself as a multi-faceted phenomenon, which could be investigated in several ways. 1. Femininity is an ambiguous concept. Class, age and ethnicity alter the way femininity is defined and experienced. There is no single way in which femininity can be taken into consideration. There do exist generalized beliefs about the culturally acceptable forms

Knowledge management is an essential tool for organization. Discuss Essay

Knowledge management is an essential tool for organization. Discuss - Essay Example Thus, managing knowledge is the most crucial role for organisations to survive and thrive as we move into a knowledge economy driven and global environment. Basically, â€Å"organizational knowledge creation is the process of making available and amplifying knowledge created by individuals as well as crystallizing and connecting it with an organization’s knowledge system,†( Nonaka, Krogh and Voelpel 2006). Research has shown that knowledge creation, retention, sharing and management is an essential tool for an organisation as we gradually move towards a knowledge economy (Nonaka 2007). During the current period, it can be noted that the business environment is constantly changing and knowledge creation is a virtue whereby the human resources management in particular will take a leading role in spearheading the initiative to influence the individuals in the organisation to come up with new ideas that can be crystallised as well as connected with the organisation’s knowledge system. Having created the requisite knowledge, then the process of knowledge management attempts to formalise a means of continuous improvement through reflection, and codification of knowledge gained during the project (CCTA 1999). For instance, Nonaka 2001 argues that making personal knowledge available to others is the basic tenet of the knowledge creating company. This will allow others to learn which promotes management of knowledge that has been created with a particular organisation. Through the use of PRINCE2 as a mandatory project management methodology in government sponsored projects, the identification and codification of personal knowledge through â€Å"lessons learned† is a key objective. This involves the utilisation of knowledge created to the benefit of the organisation as a whole. Knowledge creation is a source of long term solution for organisations to gain competitive advantage in an economy that is characterised by uncertainty and ever changin g environment (Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995; von Krogh et al. 2000). The companies which are quick to create new knowledge in response to the changes obtaining on the ground have a competitive advantage over those which are slow to respond to these changes. In essence, creating new knowledge is about re-creating the company and the individuals to meet a particular vision or ideal. Knowledge creation is not a specialised event but it is treated as a preserve for every worker. This is not limited to a particular department since the notion of the knowledge creating company posits to the effect that every employee has a role to play as far as this concept is concerned in an organisation. A critical analysis of the article entitled â€Å"Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory: Evolutionary Paths and Future advances† by Nonaka, Krogh and Voelpel (2006) shows that the success of an organisation is mainly influenced by its ability to keep pace with changes taking place in the business environment and this is aided by knowledge creation. Examples can be drawn from the cases of Canon as well as many Japanese companies which manufacture cars such as Toyota. Keeping pace with changes in the environment in which the organisation operates entails creativity and innovation of new ideas that will be synthesised into the knowledge system of the company. Managing this knowledge is a basic tenet of

The Greatest Generation Essay Example for Free

The Greatest Generation Essay It had been a turbulant twenty years for our young American and the worst and the best weve yet to come. On December 7th 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Across America on that Saturday afternoon the stunning news from the radio electrified the nation and changed the lives of all who heard It. The young Americans of this time constituted a generation birth marked for greatness. A generation of Americans that would take its place in American history. It may be historically premature to Judge the greatest generation but indisputably here are common traits that cannot be denied Its a generation of towering achievement and modest demeanor. A legacy of their formative years when they were participants in and witnesses to sacrifices of the highest order. Tom Brokaw, the author of The Greatest Generation illustrates that l think this is the greatest generation any society has ever produced. With such a bold statement, and a sweeping Judgement, since then he has restated it on my occasions. While he is periodically challenged on premise, he believes he has the tacts on his side. Yet he doesnt have facts, he has opinions that help bulld up from his foundation of hls statement. Many are from people who had lived during World War II. They tell how the war had impacted on their lives. What they think about their Generation. Martha Settle Putney stated (pg. 185) l knew when World War II approached it would be a terrible thing but afterward I was so gratefuln_lt provided opportunity Daniel Inouye believed the same thing as he stated (pg. 49) The one time the nation got ogether was World War II, We stood as one. we spoke as one, we clenched our fists as one.

Critical Analysis of Jimmy Choo Shoes ad :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s society, we are bombarded with images telling us how to dress, think, act, and behave. As Ed Norton in the movie Fight Club says while looking at a Calvin Klein underwear ad, â€Å"is that how real men are supposed to look?† I decided to search for an ad that can be seen as controversial or even disturbing at that, and I was lucky enough to come across a Jimmy Choo ad in W magazine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The message is clear—buy these shoes. Whether or not that message is being conveyed in the most appropriate or effective ways is less to be desired for. The shoes are not even in the center of the picture, and in my opinion, the shoes are not the main focal point in the ad. Instead, the focus is on a woman leaning backwards on some sort of board with a very skimpy bikini bottom and loose top. She is holding a purse and has on several large bracelets, and is spraying a hose of some sort. But even all of these images are not the most disturbing. The woman’s facial expression is startling. She is looking upwards and more importantly, she looks as if she’s watching something terrible happen and is either scared or in danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the message is trying to say, â€Å"look sexy like this woman and buy our shoes.† What does sexy really mean? Who’s to say that a woman maybe one hundred pounds heavier in a simple evening dress cannot wear those shoes and still be as sexy? What makes this vulnerable woman so appealing and desirable in this advertisement?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What really is this ad trying to sell? Shoes are a dime a dozen. I went to the mall the other day and went into 8 different shoe stores alone. Obviously there is something special about Jimmy Choo shoes. Is this company really tying to sell you the shoes, or trying to sell you the name? I recall watching an interview with Paris Hilton, and she said that she loved Jimmy Choo shoes and that she has â€Å"x† (some large number) pairs of them. Since we are such a media-based culture, if we hear Paris Hilton wears Jimmy Choo shoes, then they must be great! With such a high price, how can the middle class person even afford a pair? With all of these things taken into consideration, it’s clear that there is an elite group of people this ad is designed for.

Organizational Behavior of Governance in Pakistan

NAME: YUSRA SIDDIQUI ERP ID: 05066 ASSIGNMENT # 01 THE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND LEADERSHIP PATTERN IN PAKISTAN Pakistan has had a history of 65 years and within this passage of time one cannot say that the organizational behavior and leadership of this country has followed any particular pattern. Instead the country has gone through some major transformations since the day it came into being till the current date.A core purpose for the creation of Pakistan was that the Muslims of the subcontinent demanded a nation of their own where they had complete freedom to practice their religion and at the time of partition our country was geographically divided in two regions- East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh) and West Pakistan. The newly formed government of this baby born state comprising of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan as the Prime Minister and Mr.Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the Governor General had to face major difficulties in managing East and West Pakistan as post partition riots had taken a toll and a great number of refugees moving from India to Pakistan had to be accommodated for. Other than this one of the major responsibility that needed to be catered for by the leaders of that time was to set up an efficient system of administration for the country. The two leaders didn’t stay alive long enough to cope up with all the problems rising in the state.Although at the time of formation of Pakistan it was declared as a country where people from all communities and religions could practice their religion with complete freedom but within the first decade the non-Ahmadiyya riots took place which was initiated by the intolerant Mullahs of that time. This resulted in loss of many lives and property. During the initial years when the government should have been focusing on policy making and constitution formation for the countries betterment in coming times, its major time was being wasted off in dealing with such crisis situations.In order to deal with the riots the go vernment of that time asked for military help and as a result the first martial law was declared in certain parts of the country in the year 1958. This martial law definitely served as a solution in ending up these riots but this took the leadership trend in Pakistan to new directions. Not very long after the first martial law, the era of wars aroused in Pakistan resulting in an even more shattered economic condition and destabilization of the state.The 1965 war was an attempt to conquer the Indian Kashmir land from the Pakistan side whereas India made an attempt to capture Lahore and Sialkot. The war ended in ceasefire and the leaders of that time from both the countries signed the â€Å"Tashkent declaration†. In 1970 democratic elections were held in Pakistan for the first time in which the Awami league (a political party with its roots in East Pakistan) got majority of the votes. However this was not accepted by the powerful politicians of West Pakistan and they urged on p ower sharing. Talks were made for the same purpose which failed.The whole situation struck a chaos in between the two wings of the nation and the war of 1971 ended forming a new nation Bangladesh from what was formerly East Pakistan and Pakistan was left with only West Pakistan. Right away after the war of 1971 General Yahya Khan handed over control of the country to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and this again gave a chance to democracy in Pakistan. During the Six years tenure of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto the religious scholars and leaders of that time had a strong feeling that the policies formulated by the government were more of a secular nature and driving the nation away from Islam.The Chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq was encouraged by the leaders to take over the government and enforce a martial law. During this martial law period Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was also executed. In 1985 the martial law was lifted without any elections and Mr. Muhammed Khan Junejo was appointed as the Prime Minis ter of the country. However in 1988 after a blast at army ammunition camp at Ojheri Junejo’s government was dissolved and democratic elections took place through which Pakistan People’s Party came into power.Only two years after the elections of 1988 Benazir’s Government had been dismissed by president Ghulam Ishaq Khan. From 1990 to 1993 the country was lead by Mian Nawaz Sharif as prime minister and general elections were once again held in 1993 where Pakistan People’s Party once again won and came into power. This tenure didn’t last for more than three years and at the beginning of 1997 general elections were again held through which Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) came into power.By the end of 1999 General Pervaiz Musharraf dissolved the then existing government of Pakistan Muslim League and took over charge. Although this could not be categorized as a martial law but Pervaiz Musharaf enjoyed power in both the democracy as well as in the militar y by declaring himself as president as well as remaining head of army. Pervaiz Musharraf’s Tenure lasted for almost 9 years throughout which the country had to undergo many ups and downs.The war against terrorism after the 9/11 attacks caused a lot of chaos internationally as well as within the country. The freedom given to media in Pakistan created new dimensions in the political happenings of the country. Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif both returned to the country for empowerment of democracy. Benazir Bhutto got killed during a campaign for election rally. By August 2008 Pervaiz Musharraf resigned from the post of president and once again from 2008 till date the nation is being ruled by Pakistan People’s Party.Going through this history one can comment for sure that the behavior of the organizations which have governed the country over the last 65 years especially the later ones, had one thing in common and that is the desire to keep themselves in power. Rather than being a source of welfare for the people of the country and having an objective to focus on ways of how to create and flourish prosperity throughout the nation, the people who came in power had more focus on ways to flourish their own welfare and prosperity but that to in a very clever way.This way is such that most of the population of Pakistan which comprises of illiterate majorities is being fooled in a way that they feel that the governments are working and putting an effort for the welfare and well being of the country. This is done by bonding through various means especially through common cultures and traditions or by sympathizing with crowds and giving them an impression that their grief is the government’s greatest concern and the government itself has gone through a lot of sorrows and disasters for the empowerment of its people.Although the masses where the literacy rate is quite low do start believing these conspiracies plotted by the democratic government and beg in to have this feeling that the people in power are actually concerned for them and want their welfare but people who are more aware and educated have realized it long time back that be it any government either from their community or from any other community, its sole purpose during its tenure is to maximize its own welfare and gains.

Honey and mumford Essay

Peter Honey and Alan Mumford developed their learning based on the work of Kolb. Their preferred learning styles are Activist, Pragmatist, Theorist and Reflector. These are the learning approaches that individuals naturally prefer and they recommend that in order to maximise one’s own personal learning each learner ought to: Understand their learning style Seek out opportunities to learn using that style  For people to understand their particular learning style Honey and Mumford have developed a Learning Style questionnaire. By knowing your result it means you are able to learn better because you get a better fit between learning opportunities and the way you learn best. This also makes your learning easier, more effective and more enjoyable. You can become an all-round learner, increases your versatility and helps you learn from a wide variety of different experiences. You can improve your learning skills and processes, increased awareness of how you learn and opens up the whole process to self-scrutiny and improvement. Learning styles Activists are people who learn by doing. They need to get their hands dirty, dive in with both feet first. They have an open-minded approach to learning, involving themselves fully and without bias in new experiences.The activities they tend to use for learning are: Brainstorming Problem Solving Group Discussion Puzzles Competitions Role-play Theorist learners like to understand the theory behind the actions. They need models, concepts and facts in order to engage in the learning process. They prefer to analyse and synthesise, drawing new information into a systematic and logical ‘theory’. The activities they tend to use for learning are: Models Statistics Stories Quotes Background Information Applying Theories Pragmatist learners need to be able to see how to put the learning into practice in the real world. Abstract concepts and games are of limited use unless they can see a way to put the ideas into action in their lives. They experiment, trying out new ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work. The activities they tend to use for learning are: Time to think about how to apply learning in reality Case Studies Problem Solving Discussion Reflectors learn by observing and thinking about what happened. They avoid leaping in and prefer to watch from the side-lines. They prefer to stand back and view experiences from a number of different perspectives, collecting data and taking the time to work towards an appropriate conclusion. The activities they tend to use for learning are: Paired Discussions Self-analysis Questionnaires Personality Questionnaires Time Out Observing Activities Feedback from others Coaching Interviews Learning style Honey and Mumford definition Activist â€Å"Activists involve themselves fully and without bias in new experiences. They enjoy the here and now, and are happy to be dominated by immediate experiences. They are open-minded, not sceptical, and this tends to make them enthusiastic about anything new. Their philosophy is: â€Å"I’ll try anything once†. They tend to act first and consider the consequences afterwards. Their days are filled with activity. They tackle problems by brainstorming. As soon as the excitement from one activity has died down they are busy looking for the next. They tend to thrive on the challenge of new experiences but are bored with implementation and longer term consolidation. They are gregarious people constantly involving themselves with others but, in doing so; they seek to centre all activities around themselves.† Theorist â€Å"Theorists adapt and integrate observations into complex but logically sound theories. They think problems through in a vertical, step-by-step logical way. They assimilate disparate facts into coherent theories. They tend to be perfectionists who won’t rest easy until things are tidy and fit into a rational scheme. They like to analyse and synthesize. They are keen on basic assumptions, principles, theories models and systems thinking. Their philosophy prizes rationality and logic. â€Å"If it’s logical it’s good.† Questions they frequently ask are: â€Å"Does it make sense?† â€Å"How does this fit with that?† â€Å"What are the basic assumptions?† They tend to be detached, analytical and dedicated to rational objectivity rather than anything subjective or ambiguous. Their approach to problems is consistently logical. This is their ‘mental set’ and they rigidly reject anything that doesn’t fit with it. They prefer to maximise certainty and feel uncomfortable with subjective judgements, lateral thinking and anything flippant.† Pragmatist â€Å"Pragmatists are keen on trying out ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work in practice. They positively search out new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with applications. They are the sort of people who return from courses brimming with new ideas that they want to try out in practice. They like to get on with things and act quickly and confidently on ideas that attract them. They tend to be impatient with  ruminating and open-ended discussions. They are essentially practical, down to earth people who like making practical decisions and solving problems. They respond to problems and opportunities ‘as a challenge’. Their philosophy is â€Å"There is always a better way† and â€Å"If it works its good†.† Reflector â€Å"Reflectors like to stand back to ponder experiences and observe them from many different perspectives. They collect data, both first hand and from others, and prefer to think about it thoroughly before coming to a conclusion. The thorough collection and analysis of data about experiences and events is what counts so they tend to postpone reaching definitive conclusions for as long as possible. Their philosophy is to be cautious. They are thoughtful people who like to consider all possible angles and implications before making a move. They prefer to take a back seat in meetings and discussions. They enjoy observing other people in action. They listen to others and get the drift of the discussion before making their own points. They tend to adopt a low profile and have a slightly distant, tolerant unruffled air about them. When they act it is part of a wide picture which includes the past as well as the present and others’ observations as well as their own.† http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/gradschool/training/eresources/teaching/theories/honey-mumford Kolb Kolb’s learning theory has four distinct learning styles which are based on a four stage learning cycle. The four learning styles are: Concrete Experience – A new experience of situation is encountered, or a reinterpretation of existing experience. Reflective Observation – Of the new experience. Of particular importance are any inconsistencies between experience and understanding. Abstract Conceptualization – Reflection gives rise to a new idea, or a modification of an existing abstract concept. Active Experimentation – The learner applies them to the world around them to see what results. In this respect Kolb’s theory is particularly elegant, since it offers both a way to understand individual people’s different learning styles, and also an explanation of a cycle of experiential learning that applies to us all. Kolb explains that different people prefer different learning styles. Various factors influence a person’s preferred style, in Kolb’s experiential learning theory Kolb defined three stages of someone’s development and suggests that our propensity to reconcile and successfully integrate the four different learning styles improves as we mature through our development stages. The development stages that Kolb identified are: Acquisition – birth to adolescence – development of basic abilities and ‘cognitive structures’ Specialization – schooling, early work and personal experiences of adulthood – the development of a particular ‘specialized learning style’ shaped by ‘social, educational, and organizational socialization’ Integration – mid-career through to later life – expression of non-dominant learning style in work and personal life. Kolb believes that effective learning is seen when a person progresses through a cycle of four stages: of having a concrete experience followed by observation of and reflection on that experience which leads to the formation of abstract analysis and conclusions which are then used to test hypothesis in future situations, resulting in new experiences. Kolb sees learning as an integrated process with each stage being mutually supportive of and feeding into the next. It is possible to enter the cycle at any stage and follow it through its logical sequence. The process of learning is influenced by a variety of personal factors. A thorough knowledge of these factors will help teachers and parents to understand and guide their child’s learning. Some important factors that can have an influence on a person’s learning are: Fatigue and Boredom – It is more boredom than fatigue that affects students more. The difference between the two is that fatigue is mental and physical tiredness which decrease in efficiency and competency to work. Boredom on the other hand is lack of desire to work. Age and maturation – Learning is dependent upon age and maturation. Learning doesn’t take place unless the individual is matured enough to learn. Some children can learn better at an earlier age while others take more to learn the same content. Interests – Various types of interests of the students can be exploited to facilitate their learning. Their interests during early infancy are mostly limited. As  a child grows their interests diversify and stabilize. Motivation – Motivation is the heart if the learning process. It generates the will in an individual to do something. There are two types of motivation that are commonly recognized. These are – Intrinsic; this type of motivation arises when the resolution of the tension is to be found in mastering the learning task itself. -Extrinsic; this type of motivation occurs when a student pursues a learning task for reasons that are external. For example, if a student engages in construction of a model aero planes because they think it would please their father, who is an ex-pilot, rather than because of intrinsic motivation. Intelligence – Intelligence is expressed by an IQ score on an intelligence test is positively related to learning. Generally students with a higher IQ learn rapidly however this is not always the case. Aptitude – A student who possesses appropriate aptitude for a particular subject of study or skill will learn better and retain it for longer. On the other hand they will require relatively longer time to study a subject for which they lack natural aptitude. Attitude – The learning process is also influenced considerably by the attitude of the student. If they are alert, attentive and interested in the material to be learnt. They are also bound to have a favourable attitude towards it. An attitude like that will enable them to tackle the learning situation economically, pleasantly and effectively. Environmental factors – Surroundings; students may easily get distracted and lose interest in the lesson if they are sat around friends as they are more likely to socialise instead of learn. Relationships with teachers, parents and peers; Relationships are important as bad ones can lead to stress and other problems for example if the student has a bad relationship with their teacher they might act out and may lose interest in doing work so they fall behind and don’t learn the correct stuff. Media; Media can be such a bad influence on most teenage students because of media such as social networking which can be easily accessed through their phone. This means they may be more tempted to use their phones during their lessons to use social networks such as Facebook or twitter. For example if that student is starting to lose interest in their lesson then they may be tempted to use their phones for that reason. I think that there are a few of these factors that influence my own learning process. For me these factors are Fatigue and Boredom Age and maturation Motivation Attitude Environmental factors I always find that my surroundings and social networking have a massive influence on my learning as I tend to get distracted by people around me, my phone, internet and TV. I am more likely to let these distract me if I am bored or don’t have any motivation to do the work. Because of this I often find that I am behind and sometimes struggle with the work I am doing. It’s important for people to learn the correct skills for learning so that our ability to understand and to help you gain the knowledge to increase your abilities to work to your full potential. There are different ways of learning which are: Observation Questioning Use of internet Supervisors Classroom Work experience Having these skills are important as they can make a person better because there is a range of skills that they can use to improve their overall knowledge. These skills impact my learning because of these I am able to improve on what I am taught by teachers by watching it in practice, asking questions to learn more about the subject of work, using the internet to research information about that subject of work, ask for help from teachers, learning supports and other students by asking other students it helps them as well as they get to go over what you are asking so it would tend to stick more. And by work experience so you get to learn while putting information to practice and this gives you opportunities to ask questions.

The Function Enorbarbus Essay Example

The Function Enorbarbus Essay Example The Function Enorbarbus Essay The Function Enorbarbus Essay Another of Enorbarbus functions is honesty and he stands up for he believes to be right. He warns Antony and Caesar there is plenty of time to argue after they have both left Pompey. To Antonys disapproval, Thou art a soldier speak no more he confidently replies, That truth should be silent I had almost forgot. This shows the audience that his character is possibly the only truthful one in the play, without him the play would have no morality.When Enorbarbus is asked about his stay in Egypt, he goes into elaborate ways of telling his friends of his wonderful and amazing experiences. His normal function is to speak in pros but now along with personification and similes he talks in verse and the rhythm evokes music. Shakespeare I think chose Enorbarbus to describe Cleopatra because he is usually fairly cynical and to have him compliment Cleopatra and have him call her a goddess, Oerpicturing that Venus would shock the audience and also highlight his function of honesty.Another function Shakespeare gives Enorbarbus is tactfulness. This is emphasised when he tries to stop Pompey gossiping to Antony about Julius Caesar and Cleopatras old love affair. He comes right out and says to Pompey I never loved you much but is prepared to let him have his claim. Pompey recognises his plainness; this shows the audience that the other characters within the play distinguish Enorbarbus important functions, in this case honesty in speaking.In a clever and playful conversation with Pompeys lieutenant Menas, he remains loyal to Antony, but bluntly says He will to his Egyptian dish a gain and he also predicts that the marriage to Octavia will produce even more tension and friction between the brothers. Shakespeare has created a character with such functions as being truthful, honourable, witty and worldly. Without Enorbarbus in the play there would be no clear insights on political and characters personal judgements.

4 Reasons You Need Volunteer Work On Your Resume

4 Reasons You Need Volunteer Work On Your Resume We all know volunteering experience can really jazz up a resume. But it’s hard to find the time to balance that sort of extracurricular pursuit with acquiring all the skills and knowledge needed in your field. It’s hard to tell when volunteering would actually, specifically, directly help you in your job search. Here are four situations where some volunteer work on your resume would be a major asset:1. You’ve just graduatedYour only relevant experience is academic, perhaps with an internship or two. Volunteering at this stage in your career can be fabulous for building your network and helping you find jobs, and also for padding your resume to help you get one. Try to find an opportunity that complements your chosen career path and you’ll be well on your way.2. You’re unemployed and have been (or will be) for a whileKeep yourself current and prove that, even though you may not have found a suitable job opportunity in the interval, you’ve kept yourself busy and motivated and have kept your skills sharp. It’s also a great way to make new connections. You never know who might help you find your next job.3. You want to change careersWhile you start to build up skills and expertise in the new career you’re angling to change into, volunteering can be a great way to get your feet wet and break into that world. It shows your passion for your field, and will start helping you to make valuable networking connections, plus learning things that will serve you in the course of your career switch.4. You don’t know what you want to doIt’s okay to come out of school and not know exactly what you want to be when you grow up. Volunteer work is a great way to try out different fields and get a feel for what rewards you and challenges you most. Play around. Worst case scenario? You haven’t wasted time, you’ve helped to make a difference.

Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poems - Essay Example Here is a boy, surrounded by the beauty of Vermont, and he does not have the time to enjoy his youth. Then comes a greater shock, the injury to his hand. His subsequent death, however, does not surprise as much as the reaction to his death. The people simply turn to their affairs. This seems a cold reaction. There is no expression of mourning. Perhaps these people do not have time to mourn. Perhaps they are poor and don't have the energy to exert on matters which they cannot change. I finish this poem feeling somewhat cold-hearted. This poem is about the shortness of life. This poem strikes me as almost whimsical, and yet it leaves me feeling more concerned about loss. By whimsical, I mean that I almost feel as if I am reading a nursery rhyme or listening to a children's song. There is a great deal of repetition, and an almost indifferent attitude to losses. The things that are lost begin small and become larger as the poem develops. Despite this, there is no disaster. I am curious as to the almost cheerful tone of the poem and the reality of losses. The poem seems to be preparing us for a greater type of loss. In the end, the cheerfulness is shattered. The loss is too substantial to minimize the nature of the disaster. This is not a mother's watch. This is not a set of keys. The loss is a person, and I wonder how far the poet will extend her indifference to loss.